properly automatically importing a shader of any type

Cargo.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 winit     = "0.20.0"
-ash       = "0.29.0"
+ash       = "0.37.3"
 num       = "0.2"
 cgmath    = "0.17.0"
 image     = "0.22"

build.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
-use std::process::Command;
-use std::path::Path;
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::Write;
 use std::io::prelude::*;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::Command;
 
 fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
     println!("building shaders...");
     //shaders path
     let shaders = Path::new("./src/shaders");
     //shader target path
-    let out = Command::new("mkdir")
-        .arg("target/shaders/")
-        .output();
+    let out = Command::new("mkdir").arg("target/shaders/").output();
 
     let shader_target = Path::new("./target/shaders/");
     //compile all glsl shaders
@@ -20,29 +18,48 @@ fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
         if let Ok(entry) = entry {
             let shader_path = entry.path();
             println!("compiling shader: {:?}", shader_path);
-            let shader_path_string: String = "./target/shaders/".to_string() + shader_path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap() + ".spv";
+            let shader_path_string: String = "./target/shaders/".to_string()
+                + shader_path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap()
+                + ".spv";
             let shader_file: &OsStr = OsStr::new::<str>(shader_path_string.as_str());
-            let out = Command::new("glslc")
+            Command::new("glslc")
                 .arg("-c")
                 .arg(shader_path)
                 .arg("-o")
                 .arg(shader_file)
-                .output();
+                .status();
         }
     }
     //include all compiled shaders in shaders.rs file in src dir
-    let mut txt: String = String::new();
-    for entry in shader_target.read_dir().expect("reading compiled shader target directory failed") {
+    let mut txt = "use ash::vk::ShaderStageFlags;\n\n".to_string()
+        + "pub fn shaders() -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, ShaderStageFlags)> {\nvec![\n";
+    for entry in shader_target
+        .read_dir()
+        .expect("reading compiled shader target directory failed")
+    {
         if let Ok(entry) = entry {
             let bin_path = entry.path();
             let bin_path_string = bin_path.file_name().unwrap().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
-            txt += &("const ".to_owned() + 
-                &bin_path_string.replace(".spv", "").replace(".", "_").to_uppercase() + 
-                " = include_bytes!(\"../target/shaders/" + 
-                &bin_path_string +
-                "\");\n");
+            
+            let shader_type = (
+                match bin_path_string.split(".").nth(1).unwrap() {
+                    "vert" => "VERTEX",
+                    "frag" => "FRAGMENT",
+                    "comp" => "COMPUTE",
+                    "tesc" => "TESSELLATION_CONTROL",
+                    "tese" => "TESSELLATION_EVALUATION",
+                    "geom" => "GEOMETRY",
+                    _ => panic!("unknown shader type"),
+                }
+            ).to_string();
+            txt += &("(include_bytes!(\"../target/shaders/".to_owned()
+                + &bin_path_string
+                + "\").to_vec(), ShaderStageFlags::"
+                + &shader_type
+                + "),\n");
         }
     }
+    txt += "]}";
     let mut file = File::create("./src/shaders.rs")?;
     file.write_all(txt.as_bytes())?;
     Ok(())

src/main.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
+pub mod shaders;
 pub mod utility;
 
 use crate::{
-    utility::constants::*,
-    utility::debug::*,
-    utility::share,
-    utility::structures::*,
+    shaders::*, utility::constants::*, utility::debug::*, utility::share, utility::structures::*,
 };
 
-use ash::version::DeviceV1_0;
-use ash::version::InstanceV1_0;
-use ash::vk;
+use ash::{vk, Entry};
 use memoffset::offset_of;
-use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, ElementState, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{EventLoop, ControlFlow};
+use vk::*;
+use winit::event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
 
 use std::ffi::CString;
 use std::ptr;
 
 // Constants
-const WINDOW_TITLE: &'static str = "18.Vertex Buffer";
+const WINDOW_TITLE: &'static str = "Template";
 
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Copy)]
@@ -114,11 +111,11 @@ struct VulkanApp {
 
 impl VulkanApp {
     pub fn new(event_loop: &winit::event_loop::EventLoop<()>) -> VulkanApp {
-
-        let window = utility::window::init_window(event_loop, WINDOW_TITLE, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT);
+        let window =
+            utility::window::init_window(event_loop, WINDOW_TITLE, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT);
 
         // init vulkan stuff
-        let entry = ash::Entry::new().unwrap();
+        let entry = unsafe { Entry::load().unwrap() };
         let instance = share::create_instance(
             &entry,
             WINDOW_TITLE,
@@ -238,7 +235,9 @@ impl VulkanApp {
             p_next: ptr::null(),
             flags: vk::BufferCreateFlags::empty(),
             size: std::mem::size_of_val(&VERTICES_DATA) as u64,
-            usage: vk::BufferUsageFlags::VERTEX_BUFFER,
+            usage: vk::BufferUsageFlags::VERTEX_BUFFER
+                | vk::BufferUsageFlags::STORAGE_BUFFER
+                | vk::BufferUsageFlags::TRANSFER_DST,
             sharing_mode: vk::SharingMode::EXCLUSIVE,
             queue_family_index_count: 0,
             p_queue_family_indices: ptr::null(),
@@ -411,39 +410,22 @@ impl VulkanApp {
         render_pass: vk::RenderPass,
         swapchain_extent: vk::Extent2D,
     ) -> (vk::Pipeline, vk::PipelineLayout) {
-        let vert_shader_module = share::create_shader_module(
-            device,
-            include_bytes!("../target/shaders/tri.vert.spv").to_vec(),
-        );
-        let frag_shader_module = share::create_shader_module(
-            device,
-            include_bytes!("../target/shaders/tri.frag.spv").to_vec(),
-        );
-
-        let main_function_name = CString::new("main").unwrap(); // the beginning function name in shader code.
-
-        let shader_stages = [
-            vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
-                // Vertex Shader
-                s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
-                p_next: ptr::null(),
-                flags: vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateFlags::empty(),
-                module: vert_shader_module,
-                p_name: main_function_name.as_ptr(),
-                stage: vk::ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX,
-                p_specialization_info: ptr::null(),
-            },
+        let mut shader_modules: Vec<vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> = vec![];
+        let main_function = CString::new("main").unwrap();
+        for (shader, stage_i) in shaders() {
+            shader_modules.push(
                 vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
-                // Fragment Shader
                 s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
                 p_next: ptr::null(),
                 flags: vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateFlags::empty(),
-                module: frag_shader_module,
-                p_name: main_function_name.as_ptr(),
-                stage: vk::ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,
+                module: share::create_shader_module(device, shader),
+                p_name: main_function.as_ptr(),
+                stage: stage_i,
                 p_specialization_info: ptr::null(),
-            },
-        ];
+                    
+                }
+            )
+        }
 
         let binding_description = Vertex::get_binding_description();
         let attribute_description = Vertex::get_attribute_descriptions();
@@ -544,7 +526,7 @@ impl VulkanApp {
 
         let color_blend_attachment_states = [vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState {
             blend_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            color_write_mask: vk::ColorComponentFlags::all(),
+            color_write_mask: vk::ColorComponentFlags::RGBA,
             src_color_blend_factor: vk::BlendFactor::ONE,
             dst_color_blend_factor: vk::BlendFactor::ZERO,
             color_blend_op: vk::BlendOp::ADD,
@@ -584,8 +566,8 @@ impl VulkanApp {
             s_type: vk::StructureType::GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
             p_next: ptr::null(),
             flags: vk::PipelineCreateFlags::empty(),
-            stage_count: shader_stages.len() as u32,
-            p_stages: shader_stages.as_ptr(),
+            stage_count: shader_modules.len() as u32,
+            p_stages: shader_modules.as_ptr(),
             p_vertex_input_state: &vertex_input_state_create_info,
             p_input_assembly_state: &vertex_input_assembly_state_info,
             p_tessellation_state: ptr::null(),
@@ -613,8 +595,9 @@ impl VulkanApp {
         };
 
         unsafe {
-            device.destroy_shader_module(vert_shader_module, None);
-            device.destroy_shader_module(frag_shader_module, None);
+            for shader in shader_modules {
+                device.destroy_shader_module(shader.module, None)
+            }
         }
 
         (graphics_pipelines[0], pipeline_layout)
@@ -823,62 +806,51 @@ impl Drop for VulkanApp {
     }
 }
 
-
 impl VulkanApp {
-
     pub fn main_loop(mut self, event_loop: EventLoop<()>) {
-
         let mut tick_counter = utility::fps_limiter::FPSLimiter::new();
 
-        event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-
-            match event {
-                | Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => {
-                    match event {
-                        | WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
-                            *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit
-                        },
-                        | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. } => {
-                            match input {
-                                | KeyboardInput { virtual_keycode, state, .. } => {
-                                    match (virtual_keycode, state) {
-                                        | (Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape), ElementState::Pressed) => {
+        event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+            Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                WindowEvent::CloseRequested => *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit,
+                WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. } => match input {
+                    KeyboardInput {
+                        virtual_keycode,
+                        state,
+                        ..
+                    } => match (virtual_keycode, state) {
+                        (Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape), ElementState::Pressed) => {
                             *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit
-                                        },
-                                        | _ => {},
                         }
+                        _ => {}
                     },
-                            }
                 },
-                        | _ => {},
-                    }
+                _ => {}
             },
-                | Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+            Event::MainEventsCleared => {
                 self.window.request_redraw();
-                },
-                | Event::RedrawRequested(_window_id) => {
+            }
+            Event::RedrawRequested(_window_id) => {
                 self.draw_frame();
 
                 tick_counter.tick_frame();
-                    if IS_PAINT_FPS_COUNTER {
+                if true {
                     print!("FPS: {}\r", tick_counter.fps());
                 }
-                },
-                | Event::LoopDestroyed => {
+            }
+            Event::LoopDestroyed => {
                 unsafe {
-                        self.device.device_wait_idle()
+                    self.device
+                        .device_wait_idle()
                         .expect("Failed to wait device idle!")
                 };
-                },
-                _ => (),
             }
-
+            _ => (),
         })
     }
 }
 
 fn main() {
-
     let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
 
     let vulkan_app = VulkanApp::new(&event_loop);

src/shaders.rs

@@ -1,2 +1,7 @@
-const TRI_FRAG = include_bytes!("../target/shaders/tri.frag.spv");
-const TRI_VERT = include_bytes!("../target/shaders/tri.vert.spv");
+use ash::vk::ShaderStageFlags;
+
+pub fn shaders() -> Vec<(Vec<u8>, ShaderStageFlags)> {
+vec![
+(include_bytes!("../target/shaders/tri.frag.spv").to_vec(), ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT),
+(include_bytes!("../target/shaders/tri.vert.spv").to_vec(), ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX),
+]}

src/shaders/tri.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#version 450
+
+#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects: enable
+
+struct Particle {
+	vec2 position;
+	vec2 velocity;
+	vec4 color;
+}
+
+layout (std140, binding = 1) readonly buffer ParticleSSBOIn {
+	Particle particlesIn[ ];
+};
+
+layout (std140, binding = 2) buffer ParticleSSBOOut {
+	Particle particlesOut[ ];
+};
+
+void main() {
+	particlesOut[index].position = particlesIn[index].position + particlesIn[index].velocity.xy * ubo.deltaTime;
+}

src/utility/constants.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use crate::utility::debug::ValidationInfo;
 use crate::utility::structures::DeviceExtension;
-use ash::vk_make_version;
+use ash::vk::make_api_version;
 
 use std::os::raw::c_char;
 
-pub const APPLICATION_VERSION: u32 = vk_make_version!(1, 0, 0);
-pub const ENGINE_VERSION: u32 = vk_make_version!(1, 0, 0);
-pub const API_VERSION: u32 = vk_make_version!(1, 0, 92);
+pub const APPLICATION_VERSION: u32 = make_api_version(1, 0, 0, 0);
+pub const ENGINE_VERSION: u32 = make_api_version(1, 0, 0, 0);
+pub const API_VERSION: u32 = make_api_version(1, 3, 251, 0);
 
 pub const WINDOW_WIDTH: u32 = 800;
 pub const WINDOW_HEIGHT: u32 = 600;

src/utility/debug.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use ash::version::EntryV1_0;
 use ash::vk;
+use vk::*;
 
 use std::ffi::CStr;
 use std::os::raw::c_void;

src/utility/platforms.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use ash::version::{EntryV1_0, InstanceV1_0};
-use ash::vk;
+use ash::{vk, Entry, Instance};
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 use ash::extensions::khr::Win32Surface;
@@ -51,9 +50,9 @@ pub fn required_extension_names() -> Vec<*const i8> {
 
 // create surface ---------------------------------------------------------
 #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "android"), not(target_os = "macos")))]
-pub unsafe fn create_surface<E: EntryV1_0, I: InstanceV1_0>(
-    entry: &E,
-    instance: &I,
+pub unsafe fn create_surface(
+    entry: &Entry,
+    instance: &Instance,
     window: &winit::window::Window,
 ) -> Result<vk::SurfaceKHR, vk::Result> {
     use std::ptr;
@@ -73,9 +72,9 @@ pub unsafe fn create_surface<E: EntryV1_0, I: InstanceV1_0>(
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-pub unsafe fn create_surface<E: EntryV1_0, I: InstanceV1_0>(
-    entry: &E,
-    instance: &I,
+pub unsafe fn create_surface(
+    entry: &Entry,
+    instance: &Instance,
     window: &winit::window::Window,
 ) -> Result<vk::SurfaceKHR, vk::Result> {
     use std::mem;
@@ -109,9 +108,9 @@ pub unsafe fn create_surface<E: EntryV1_0, I: InstanceV1_0>(
 }
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
-pub unsafe fn create_surface<E: EntryV1_0, I: InstanceV1_0>(
-    entry: &E,
-    instance: &I,
+pub unsafe fn create_surface(
+    entry: &Entry,
+    instance: &Instance,
     window: &winit::window::Window,
 ) -> Result<vk::SurfaceKHR, vk::Result> {
     use std::os::raw::c_void;

src/utility/share.rs

@@ -72,216 +72,6 @@ pub mod v1 {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn create_graphics_pipeline(
-        device: &ash::Device,
-        render_pass: vk::RenderPass,
-        swapchain_extent: vk::Extent2D,
-    ) -> (vk::Pipeline, vk::PipelineLayout) {
-        let vert_shader_module = create_shader_module(
-            device,
-            include_bytes!("../../target/shaders/tri.vert.spv").to_vec(),
-        );
-        let frag_shader_module = create_shader_module(
-            device,
-            include_bytes!("../../target/shaders/tri.frag.spv").to_vec(),
-        );
-
-        let main_function_name = CString::new("main").unwrap(); // the beginning function name in shader code.
-
-        let shader_stages = [
-            vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
-                // Vertex Shader
-                s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
-                p_next: ptr::null(),
-                flags: vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateFlags::empty(),
-                module: vert_shader_module,
-                p_name: main_function_name.as_ptr(),
-                p_specialization_info: ptr::null(),
-                stage: vk::ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX,
-            },
-            vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
-                // Fragment Shader
-                s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
-                p_next: ptr::null(),
-                flags: vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateFlags::empty(),
-                module: frag_shader_module,
-                p_name: main_function_name.as_ptr(),
-                p_specialization_info: ptr::null(),
-                stage: vk::ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT,
-            },
-        ];
-
-        let vertex_input_state_create_info = vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            flags: vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags::empty(),
-            vertex_attribute_description_count: 0,
-            p_vertex_attribute_descriptions: ptr::null(),
-            vertex_binding_description_count: 0,
-            p_vertex_binding_descriptions: ptr::null(),
-        };
-        let vertex_input_assembly_state_info = vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-            flags: vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateFlags::empty(),
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            primitive_restart_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            topology: vk::PrimitiveTopology::TRIANGLE_LIST,
-        };
-
-        let viewports = [vk::Viewport {
-            x: 0.0,
-            y: 0.0,
-            width: swapchain_extent.width as f32,
-            height: swapchain_extent.height as f32,
-            min_depth: 0.0,
-            max_depth: 1.0,
-        }];
-
-        let scissors = [vk::Rect2D {
-            offset: vk::Offset2D { x: 0, y: 0 },
-            extent: swapchain_extent,
-        }];
-
-        let viewport_state_create_info = vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            flags: vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateFlags::empty(),
-            scissor_count: scissors.len() as u32,
-            p_scissors: scissors.as_ptr(),
-            viewport_count: viewports.len() as u32,
-            p_viewports: viewports.as_ptr(),
-        };
-
-        let rasterization_statue_create_info = vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            flags: vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateFlags::empty(),
-            depth_clamp_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            cull_mode: vk::CullModeFlags::BACK,
-            front_face: vk::FrontFace::CLOCKWISE,
-            line_width: 1.0,
-            polygon_mode: vk::PolygonMode::FILL,
-            rasterizer_discard_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            depth_bias_clamp: 0.0,
-            depth_bias_constant_factor: 0.0,
-            depth_bias_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            depth_bias_slope_factor: 0.0,
-        };
-        let multisample_state_create_info = vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-            flags: vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateFlags::empty(),
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            rasterization_samples: vk::SampleCountFlags::TYPE_1,
-            sample_shading_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            min_sample_shading: 0.0,
-            p_sample_mask: ptr::null(),
-            alpha_to_one_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            alpha_to_coverage_enable: vk::FALSE,
-        };
-
-        let stencil_state = vk::StencilOpState {
-            fail_op: vk::StencilOp::KEEP,
-            pass_op: vk::StencilOp::KEEP,
-            depth_fail_op: vk::StencilOp::KEEP,
-            compare_op: vk::CompareOp::ALWAYS,
-            compare_mask: 0,
-            write_mask: 0,
-            reference: 0,
-        };
-
-        let depth_state_create_info = vk::PipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            flags: vk::PipelineDepthStencilStateCreateFlags::empty(),
-            depth_test_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            depth_write_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            depth_compare_op: vk::CompareOp::LESS_OR_EQUAL,
-            depth_bounds_test_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            stencil_test_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            front: stencil_state,
-            back: stencil_state,
-            max_depth_bounds: 1.0,
-            min_depth_bounds: 0.0,
-        };
-
-        let color_blend_attachment_states = [vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState {
-            blend_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            color_write_mask: vk::ColorComponentFlags::all(),
-            src_color_blend_factor: vk::BlendFactor::ONE,
-            dst_color_blend_factor: vk::BlendFactor::ZERO,
-            color_blend_op: vk::BlendOp::ADD,
-            src_alpha_blend_factor: vk::BlendFactor::ONE,
-            dst_alpha_blend_factor: vk::BlendFactor::ZERO,
-            alpha_blend_op: vk::BlendOp::ADD,
-        }];
-
-        let color_blend_state = vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            flags: vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags::empty(),
-            logic_op_enable: vk::FALSE,
-            logic_op: vk::LogicOp::COPY,
-            attachment_count: color_blend_attachment_states.len() as u32,
-            p_attachments: color_blend_attachment_states.as_ptr(),
-            blend_constants: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
-        };
-
-        let pipeline_layout_create_info = vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            flags: vk::PipelineLayoutCreateFlags::empty(),
-            set_layout_count: 0,
-            p_set_layouts: ptr::null(),
-            push_constant_range_count: 0,
-            p_push_constant_ranges: ptr::null(),
-        };
-
-        let pipeline_layout = unsafe {
-            device
-                .create_pipeline_layout(&pipeline_layout_create_info, None)
-                .expect("Failed to create pipeline layout!")
-        };
-
-        let graphic_pipeline_create_infos = [vk::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo {
-            s_type: vk::StructureType::GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
-            p_next: ptr::null(),
-            flags: vk::PipelineCreateFlags::empty(),
-            stage_count: shader_stages.len() as u32,
-            p_stages: shader_stages.as_ptr(),
-            p_vertex_input_state: &vertex_input_state_create_info,
-            p_input_assembly_state: &vertex_input_assembly_state_info,
-            p_tessellation_state: ptr::null(),
-            p_viewport_state: &viewport_state_create_info,
-            p_rasterization_state: &rasterization_statue_create_info,
-            p_multisample_state: &multisample_state_create_info,
-            p_depth_stencil_state: &depth_state_create_info,
-            p_color_blend_state: &color_blend_state,
-            p_dynamic_state: ptr::null(),
-            layout: pipeline_layout,
-            render_pass,
-            subpass: 0,
-            base_pipeline_handle: vk::Pipeline::null(),
-            base_pipeline_index: -1,
-        }];
-
-        let graphics_pipelines = unsafe {
-            device
-                .create_graphics_pipelines(
-                    vk::PipelineCache::null(),
-                    &graphic_pipeline_create_infos,
-                    None,
-                )
-                .expect("Failed to create Graphics Pipeline!.")
-        };
-
-        unsafe {
-            device.destroy_shader_module(vert_shader_module, None);
-            device.destroy_shader_module(frag_shader_module, None);
-        }
-
-        (graphics_pipelines[0], pipeline_layout)
-    }
-
     pub fn create_framebuffers(
         device: &ash::Device,
         render_pass: vk::RenderPass,
@@ -740,7 +530,8 @@ pub mod v1 {
                 .expect("Failed to create Texture Image!")
         };
 
-        let image_memory_requirement = unsafe { device.get_image_memory_requirements(texture_image) };
+        let image_memory_requirement =
+            unsafe { device.get_image_memory_requirements(texture_image) };
         let memory_allocate_info = vk::MemoryAllocateInfo {
             s_type: vk::StructureType::MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
             p_next: ptr::null(),
@@ -1371,9 +1162,6 @@ pub mod v2 {
     }
 }
 
-use ash::version::DeviceV1_0;
-use ash::version::EntryV1_0;
-use ash::version::InstanceV1_0;
 use ash::vk;
 
 use std::ffi::CString;
@@ -1382,7 +1170,6 @@ use std::os::raw::c_void;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::ptr;
 
-
 use crate::utility::constants::*;
 use crate::utility::debug;
 use crate::utility::platforms;
@@ -1430,8 +1217,7 @@ pub fn create_instance(
     let create_info = vk::InstanceCreateInfo {
         s_type: vk::StructureType::INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
         p_next: if VALIDATION.is_enable {
-            &debug_utils_create_info as *const vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT
-                as *const c_void
+            &debug_utils_create_info as *const vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT as *const c_void
         } else {
             ptr::null()
         },
@@ -1642,6 +1428,7 @@ pub fn find_queue_family(
                     index as u32,
                     surface_stuff.surface,
                 )
+                .unwrap()
         };
         if queue_family.queue_count > 0 && is_present_support {
             queue_family_indices.present_family = Some(index);
@@ -1796,7 +1583,6 @@ pub fn create_swapchain(
 pub fn choose_swapchain_format(
     available_formats: &Vec<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR>,
 ) -> vk::SurfaceFormatKHR {
-
     for available_format in available_formats {
         if available_format.format == vk::Format::B8G8R8A8_SRGB
             && available_format.color_space == vk::ColorSpaceKHR::SRGB_NONLINEAR
@@ -1829,8 +1615,7 @@ pub fn choose_swapchain_extent(
     } else {
         use num::clamp;
 
-        let window_size = window
-            .inner_size();
+        let window_size = window.inner_size();
         println!(
             "\t\tInner Window Size: ({}, {})",
             window_size.width, window_size.height

src/utility/window.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-use winit::event::{Event, VirtualKeyCode, ElementState, KeyboardInput, WindowEvent};
-use winit::event_loop::{EventLoop, ControlFlow};
-
+use winit::event::{ElementState, Event, KeyboardInput, VirtualKeyCode, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ControlFlow, EventLoop};
 
 const IS_PAINT_FPS_COUNTER: bool = true;
 
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ pub struct ProgramProc {
 }
 
 impl ProgramProc {
-
     pub fn new() -> ProgramProc {
         // init window stuff
         let event_loop = EventLoop::new();
@@ -40,42 +38,38 @@ impl ProgramProc {
     }
 
     pub fn main_loop<A: 'static + VulkanApp>(self, mut vulkan_app: A) {
-
         let mut tick_counter = super::fps_limiter::FPSLimiter::new();
 
-        self.event_loop.run(move |event, _, control_flow| {
-
-            match event {
-                | Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => {
-                    match event {
-                        | WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
+        self.event_loop
+            .run(move |event, _, control_flow| match event {
+                Event::WindowEvent { event, .. } => match event {
+                    WindowEvent::CloseRequested => {
                         vulkan_app.wait_device_idle();
                         *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit
-                        },
-                        | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. } => {
-                            match input {
-                                | KeyboardInput { virtual_keycode, state, .. } => {
-                                    match (virtual_keycode, state) {
-                                        | (Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape), ElementState::Pressed) => {
+                    }
+                    WindowEvent::KeyboardInput { input, .. } => match input {
+                        KeyboardInput {
+                            virtual_keycode,
+                            state,
+                            ..
+                        } => match (virtual_keycode, state) {
+                            (Some(VirtualKeyCode::Escape), ElementState::Pressed) => {
                                 vulkan_app.wait_device_idle();
                                 *control_flow = ControlFlow::Exit
-                                        },
-                                        | _ => {},
                             }
+                            _ => {}
                         },
-                            }
                     },
-                        | WindowEvent::Resized(_new_size) => {
+                    WindowEvent::Resized(_new_size) => {
                         vulkan_app.wait_device_idle();
                         vulkan_app.resize_framebuffer();
-                        },
-                        | _ => {},
                     }
+                    _ => {}
                 },
-                | Event::MainEventsCleared => {
+                Event::MainEventsCleared => {
                     vulkan_app.window_ref().request_redraw();
-                },
-                | Event::RedrawRequested(_window_id) => {
+                }
+                Event::RedrawRequested(_window_id) => {
                     let delta_time = tick_counter.delta_time();
                     vulkan_app.draw_frame(delta_time);
 
@@ -84,14 +78,11 @@ impl ProgramProc {
                     }
 
                     tick_counter.tick_frame();
-                },
-                | Event::LoopDestroyed => {
+                }
+                Event::LoopDestroyed => {
                     vulkan_app.wait_device_idle();
-                },
-                _ => (),
                 }
-
+                _ => (),
             })
     }
-
 }